graphene

On the theme what technology can over the long term arrive for the change to semiconductors as the new element base and snatch out the banner of superiority from weakening hands, already broken numerous copies. Perhaps, the greatest interest today present the carbonic nano-tubes is publication about them they appear in the periodicals all by the increasing frequency. However, there are alternatives, also carbonic, but those having the different from the nano-tubes structure so assert professor (Andre geim) and Constantine from the Manchester university (more precise, from The school of physics and Astronomy at the university of manchester) in the March number of the periodical nature materials. In their article the scientists describe the transistor, whose thickness composes one atom, and the width 50.
It is possible to say that the transistor consists of grafena : the two-dimensional (flat) allotrope of carbon (in the figure : the fragment crystal lattice grafena, which is infinite plane). The fact that on the base of grafena it is possible to create transistor, became known practically immediately after the detection of this allotrope (generally speaking, field-effect transistors can be created from the very large number of materials, not compulsorily semiconductors), however, the first devices on its base possessed the completely high current of leakage, and this parameter is critically important for the industry, the aim is the growth not only of speed and capacity, but also for reduction in the energy consumption.

Heim comrades they proposed the simple and elegant method of the solution of this problem, having simultaneously demonstrated that the fact that grafen remains stable and preserves property to carry out electricity, even being located in the form nanos-particle by the size several nanometers â€“ more precise, in the form strips with width into 50 atoms (thickness, let us recall, it composes one atom, i.e., the order of angstrom or by an order less than the nanometer). But here are the properties of silicon, yes even many other elements and connections, often they change with the change of microscopic scales by the the nano-scopic. Professor Heim assumes that, it is completely probably, width of zone of grafena in 50 atoms : not limit plans to work at the creation of the devices of a even smaller size, up to several atoms.

In the opinion scientists, their development will allow to prolong life Moore's law even after semiconductor technologies they disappear in to the summer â€“ i.e., even after it is more than half century from the moment of the formulation of empirical rule, which notes that the density of integrated microcircuits doubles every 18-24 months, it will be as before urgent.

English scientists see the future element base as follows: on grafen sheet are cut out the sources and the drains of transistors, the role of lock of which execute quantum points - semi-transparent (there is in the form â€“ there is probability of tunneling ) potential barriers, make possible to control electron motion, and also conductors and internal connections. Thus, in the future for the production of integrated circuits it will be possible to generally forego silicon or germanium â€“ all will be done from grafena. Main problem, as correctly indicates that assuming participation in the research project of Leonid (also the colleague Manchester university) that until that the technologies, capable of cutting from grafena the elements with an accuracy to of the units of nanometers, exists. Alas, the chapter of research group, professor Heim, experiences the completely restrained optimism and do not assume the appearance of commercial prototypes earlier than 2025.

graphene

GRAPHENE